Churches are treated as very sacred spaces. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. [3] Ethiopia is the site of the first hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. The population of the regions and districts (woredas) of Ethiopia. Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent ), fossil fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Density. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. Ethiopia is one of the world's most religious countries in the world, and its capital city is no different. WHO Regional websites. Official government statistics show that some 119,000 people work in trade and commerce, 113,000 work in manufacturing and industry, 80,000 are homemakers, 71,000 are in civil administration . Other Beliefs in Ethiopia. [3] A 2015 study estimates some 400,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism. Demographics of Ethiopia 2022. ), total: 19.8 yearsmale: 19.6 yearsfemale: 20.1 years (2020 est. Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. 2023 World Percentage. Today, the country claims about 80 million of each . The most recent census, conducted in 2007, estimated 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 34 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 19 percent belong to Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups. The regions of Ethiopia as well as all cities and towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants. 1580 The Trotize of Zera Jacob Most people interprot thing on. 1935-1941 - Italy deposes Emperor Haile Selassie and annexes Ethiopia, before being driven out by British, Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces. A small Jewish community still exists in Ethiopia, although it is mostly composed of Falash Mura, Ethiopian Jews who converted to Christianity in the past, and as such have not been recognized as Jews by the State of Israel, but have returned to Judaism (the Falash Mura now number some 22,000). )$2,300 (2020 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. In the Pew study, 1% of Ethiopians identify as Catholic, 16% as . The largest numbers of practitioners of traditional religions are in the SNNPR (about 993,000 people) and Oromia (895,000). This activity is expected to be a five-year program in the $10-25M range. . 106 CMT MW 17 December 2014. . )$26.269 billion (2018 est. Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia, ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), chief of mission: Ambassador SELESHI Bekele Awulachew (since 7 June 2022)chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200FAX: [1] (202) 587-0195email address and website: ethiopia@ethiopianembassy.orghttps://ethiopianembassy.org/consulate(s) general: Los Angelesconsulate(s): New York, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON (since 25 February 2022)embassy: Entoto Street, P.O. The number of Muslims in Ethiopia rose from 17.4 million in 1994 to 25 million in 2007. Moldova, 3.7 million. . stream A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. The World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in Ethiopia. [39] In the early fifteenth century Emperor Zara Yaqob invaded the Muslim state of Hadiya Sultanate and married the captured Hadiya princess Eleni which was condemned by Muslims. )-$5.025 billion (2019 est. Kazakhstan, 4.5 million. [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. . )exports of goods and services: 8.1% (2017 est. With about 40 percent of the population below the age of 15 and a fertility rate of 4 children per woman (and even higher in rural areas), Ethiopia will have to make further progress in meeting its family planning needs if it is to achieve the age structure necessary for reaping a demographic dividend in the coming decades. gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. [8] Now, as two parties signed the peace deal in Pretoria, the world has decided to move on from the Ethiopian conflict with the empty . 104 Melesse, Dabissa and Bulte, "Joint Land Certification" 105 World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judiciary Sector. )$264.059 billion (2020 est. In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. ), 16.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. Religions. [9][10] Orthodox Ethiopian Christians are predominant in the Tigray (95.6%) and Amhara (82.5%), while the majority of Protestants live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region or SNNPR (55.5% of the inhabitants) and the Oromia Region (4.8 million or 17.7%). )exports: 1 billion kWh (2019 est. [2] There is also a longstanding but small Jewish community. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 5.64% (2021 est. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. The four standard measures of religious commitment . Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country nearly 80% of the population lives in rural areas that is in the early stages of demographic transition. [3], Ethiopia is the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, whose adherents believe Ethiopia is Zion. [25] The Ethiopian community celebrated its diamond jubile in January 2009. chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012)cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representativeselections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative electionselection results: 2021: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)2018: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); note - snap election held on 25 October 2018 due to resignation of President MULATA Teshomenote: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. After this, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon, conducted in 1984 and 1991, respectively, airlifted the vast majority of the Ethiopian Jewish population to Israel, where there is currently a population of 150,000 Beta Israel. Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est. ), deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial pollution and pesticides contribute to air, water, and soil pollution, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 34.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. . Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. The rest of the percentages are Protestant denominations and Ethiopian Catholics. Demographic profile: Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country - more than 80% of the population lives in rural areas - that is in the early stages of demographic transition. 3 0 obj ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total: 9 yearsmale: 8 yearsfemale: 8 years (2012), total: 5.7%male: 4.4%female: 7.2% (2021 est. Today, fifty-nine percent of Ethiopians are Christian (42 percent Orthodox and 27 percent evangelical). Ethiopia's rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. Islam is the second-largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity, with 31.3 to 35.9 percent of the total population of around 113.5 million people professing the religion as of 2022. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est. [40] In the late fifteenth century Adal Sultanate invaded Abyssinia led by Imam Mahfuz, his defeat brought about the early 16th century Jihad of the Adalese Imam Ahmed Gran against Ethiopia, where several churches were demolished.[41]. )8.36% (2019 est. 1962 - Haile Selassie annexes Eritrea, which becomes . Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) 2007 census, 2022 projection ), total population: 68.59 yearsmale: 66.43 yearsfemale: 70.81 years (2023 est. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. Addis Abeba Mastercard Foundation and Gebeya Inc. have announced Mesirat ("to work"), a five-year program that will equip 100 entrepreneurs in Ethiopia with their own multi-sided gig marketplaces. Since the 18th century there has existed a relatively small (uniate) Ethiopian Catholic Church in full communion with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.[3]. )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. )imports of goods and services: -31.2% (2017 est. 107 CMT HW 25 December 2014. )hydroelectricity: 95.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [4] Ethiopia was the only region of Africa to survive the expansion of Islam as a Christian state.[5]. <> Catholics Population Percent Catholic Country Dioceses Diocesan Priests Religious Priests Total Priests Permanent Deacons Male Religious Female Religious )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. . An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia between July 15 and August 27, 2022. . While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [8] The U.S. State Department estimates that just over 50% of the country is Christian (40 to 45% of the population belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, about 10% are members of Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups). )spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. %PDF-1.7 Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the countrys myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. 40% of young women are married before their 18th birthday and Ethiopia is home to 15 million child brides, of whom 6 million are below the age of 15. )23.866 (2017 est. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. used to collect data. )methane emissions: 114.21 megatons (2020 est. According to the national census conducted in 2007, over 32 million people or 43.5% were reported to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, over 25 million or 33.9% were reported to be Muslim, 13.7 million, or 18.6%, were P'ent'ay Christians, and just under two million or 2.6% adhered to traditional beliefs. The Kingdom of Aksum in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea was one of the first Christian countries in the world, having officially adopted Christianity as the state religion in the 4th century. Hindu, on the other hand, is at 1 billion 160 . [34], In the Hadith, Prophet Mohammed explicitly prohibited jihad against the Abyssinians as long as they were not hostile to Muslims. The Bah Faith in Ethiopia begins after `Abdu'l-Bah wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. )government consumption: 10% (2017 est. The population of the sub cities of Addis Ababa. ), women married by age 15: 14.1%women married by age 18: 40.3%men married by age 18: 5% (2016 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), China 27%, India 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, France 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019), aircraft, gas turbines, packaged medicines, electric filament, cars (2019), $3.046 billion (31 December 2020 est. Cambodia has the highest percentage of Buddhists at 97.9%, followed by Thailand at 94.6% and Burma (Myanmar) with 87.9%. The modern name Ethiopia is from the Greek term Aethiopia used to translate Kush, and was applied to all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including what is now Sudan, but with a few classical geographers giving more detailed descriptions of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea (e.g. f'm0 Hn"o_y'NG`K'_b,{?/g ]~:Pp`{_Y|?y7b#w_xqep\{'>o;|K@D.Pq;J!h~Rng^ e o|cd]1D{TP9n%-h \{-\-wmyL{Wu][|SlR>,kzM}y/p!o.\/358FjW>nwGuC#/^l#v j/nKMAE^K\USVm|emTqV(WP^\F/!@$C5f,]+I%!FkDvH|/Xo {+Sl+|n5njoA1upV5L+se MriP5=)bt&r 2F?r ,,I:k F/Jx4Q Here are the largest religions in Ethiopia 2020 . ), 19.3 years (2019 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Major Religion Percent ; Buddhism: 0.00 % Christianity (Evangelical 0.03 %) 0.14 % Ethnic Religions: 0.00 % Hinduism: 0.00 % Includes U.S. and international data, reports, and maps. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. conomic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is set to decelerate from 4.1% in 2021 to 3.3 . For months, the conflict in Ethiopia between the Addis Ababa and a defiant regional government has costs thousands of lives and displaced at least a million people. )2.33% (2019 est. (approximately $930 million), information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022), the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023), 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)note: in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty, 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africas largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary unitsthe ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further incursionsfrom November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023), al-Shabaab; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Forcenote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia;Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia, refugees (country of origin): 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia), 163,251 (Eritrea), 48,743 (Sudan) (2023)IDPs: 2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022), transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). )$2.993 billion (31 December 2019 est. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [3] Neither in the 2007 census, nor in the 1994 census, were responses reported in further detail: for example, those who identified themselves as Hindus, Jewish, Bah, agnostics or atheists were counted as "Other". Population Size of Towns by Sex July 2022. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. Additionally, there is also a substantial population of the adherents of traditional faiths. ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation and particularly in terms of gender as women make up a high percentage of our staff and are encouraged to apply. [22] In 1962, Ethiopia Bahs elected a National Spiritual Assembly. . Fitch rating: B (2014)Moody's rating: B2 (2020)Standard & Poors rating: B (2014)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. The current population of Ethiopia is 122,543,875 as of Thursday, March 2, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. )beer: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country. The rising age of marriage and the increasing proportion of women remaining single have contributed to fertility reduction. Hospitals WHO supplied with Medical Kits in 2 Rounds in August 2021. ), Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991), history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopiadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years. Section I. (approximately $970 million)0.6% of GDP (2018 est.) The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia. )permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est. )32.53% of GDP (2018 est. ), municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2017 est. The declining global economic growth rate from 6.2% in 2021 to 3.4% in 2022, as well as the rise in the global headline inflation to 8.8% in advanced countries and 14.4% within member countries of . [37] Yekuno Amlak paid back this favor when the Sultan of Shewa appealed to him to put down an insurrection in Showa. Another 900,000 Ethiopians left Ethiopia and escaped to neighbouring Sudan. At the time of the 2007 census, 43.5% of the population identified as Ethiopian.



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