They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. , , , . Its found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and most predominantly in eastern North America. K.Infusing: No matter how tough, spicy hot, or bitter, infusing may hold another excellent potential of this mushroom. Mushroom Chips: Slice very thin (perhaps a peeler would do it, or on tougher specimens to use a meat slicer), then deep fry in hot oil. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. Edible with caution. I seemed to have noticed some of the spicy hot flavor remained in the dried. Examples of what it could be infused into include: Oil, vinegar, honey, vodka, maple syrup, and sugar syrup. When this trees day eventually comes; its wood will feed trillions of organisms, the canopy opening will give an opportunity to the millions of seeds in the soil that are waiting for the sunlight they need to germinate, and the growth of those plants will subsequently attract new microbes and fungi in the soil. Eastern cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis spatulata) has ribbonlike folds. Berkeley's polypore (Bondarzewia berkeleyi) is thick-fleshed and cream-colored. A. Some other polypores, especially the black-staining polypore (Meripilus sumstinei), and the cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis spathulata), also are sometimes confused with B. berkeleyi[iv]. The products recommended on healing-mushrooms.net are not verified by the FDA to treat, cure or prevent any disease. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. I always have a smile on my face when I see the small splashes of yellow-orange dotting the forest floor! Cooked hen of the woods mushrooms also make excellent additions to grain salads. The texture was quite good, and the flavor was mild w/mild bitterness. The outer edges that cut easily with a knife are quite tender. The texture was quite good, and the flavor was mild w/mild bitterness. There are three main species found in the Southeast: H. erinaceous, H. coralloides, and H. americanum. Bondarzewia Berkeleyi is commonly referred to as the Berkeleys Polypore, and sometimes called stump blossoms. Bondarsev & Singer 1941 This polypore is best when found in its earliest stage of growth, when the emerging fronds look more like knobby, swollen fists than the fan-shaped fronds they will become as they expand and mature. II. I was told it was being used, wasnt too bitter [for their planned preparation], and a good amount of it was quite tender. 2) Laetiporus Cincinnatus. I have read that in Eastern Europe people have enjoyed a related species by boiling it and then working with it in various ways. The resemblance is only slight and should not confuse an experienced forager, except that evidently experienced foragers are sometimes confused. With its chemical competence,Bondarzewia berkeleyidoesnt just stop at being a parasite. Quite the same Wikipedia. So, what does this 374530443747. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Then I sauteed them in olive oil until crispy. The fan- or shelf-shaped caps grow in overlapping clumps from the bases of oak trees, each capable of growing to 25.5cm (10in) diameter. . We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Laetiporus sulphureus is edible when young (link). To me, tasting it alone was like eating a strong spice, which should be used as a seasoning, not its own dish. This weeksmushroomis Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeleys polypore. If youre new to mushroom foraging and want to learn more, scroll down a little more to find the subscribe button for my mailing list! G.Blender: If using moderately to highly tough pieces, try pureeing it after chopping or grinding it. Pore Surface: Running down the stem; whitish; not bruising, or bruising very faintly yellowish to brownish; pores circular when young, 12 per mmbecoming angular and wider with age; tubes shallow, often much less than 1 cm deep. This broadly includes: Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Kentucky. I hope youre keeping the labor to a minimum and the relaxation to a maximum. This fungi has the most popular foraging season across North America and the World. 4.9K views, 134 likes, 12 loves, 43 comments, 45 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from The Mushroom Hunter: I found this beautiful Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Berkeley's polypore) this afternoon! The upper surface is white, whitish, or tan and does not bruise. Pan-fry: Hen of the woods mushrooms are ideal for shallow pan-frying because of the flat shape of their caps. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. For how to cook Berkeley's Polypore, check out this video:https://youtu.be/5DiYPe5Us6M_____Berkeley's Pol. Elias Magnus Fries described the species as Polyporus berkeleyi in 1851. Other: A. Im not going to find out! Here's a picture of the puree I did using my Vitamix blender. When we zoom out, we see everything in this world is interconnected and dynamic. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Two species, B. berkeleyi and B. mesenterica, are commonly reported in North America and Europe but the genus is poorly known elsewhere. Birch Polypore, Piptoporus Betulinus. Bondarzewia species Bondarzewia berkeleyi Name Synonyms Bondarzewia berkeleyi var. . Mushroom Artwork and crafts: ornaments, paintings and more, Berkeleys Polypore (Bondarzewia berkeleyi). If so, how much can be added w/o gastric upset? Note:If not using tender sectionsor a less mature specimenas pictured below, it will be like a very tough piece of meat, which most people will quickly tire of eating. You can use the same recipe I use for my Fried Oyster Mushroom in order to fry or . You can find this species at the base of a handful of hardwoods, but it has a strong preference for oaks. The one pictured above is H. erinaceous. If you see a flush of yellow-orange polypores ground out of wood, it is highly likely that you have found yourself an edible Laetiporus! ), they can be powerful GI irritants even when cooked (unless thoroughly cooked such that the hotness dissipates, I say in conjecture). The flavor and texture work very well w/chicken in this way, as several of us tasters agreed. Phylogeny and biogeography of the remarkable genus Bondarzewia (Basidiomycota, Russulales). 1. Cap: Very large. Check out the recipe from ForagerChef! I suspect, as w/related mushrooms (please see Russula comparison page for more info. The gills and stem of both mushrooms are clustered in close clusters, and the flesh is cream-colored. It is also reported to be edible when young, and at its most tender, but all I found online is that it tastes like shoe leather. Consider subscribing if you dont want to miss new content from Feral Foraging. Fungiflora, Oslo 1986. Bondarzewia is a remarkable polypore genus due to its relatively large poroid basidiocarps and belongs to order Russulales according to recent phylogenetic analyses. skeletigera Corner Bondarzewia berkeleyi var. NCBI BLAST name: basidiomycete fungi Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) If you are lucky enough to find one, stop taking extra steps, get your face down to the ground, and look out closely. I have fond memories of this cool fungus that started back when the foundation for my mycological obsession was being set. Sing 15182.jpg 640 480; 107 KB. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. V. Preparation of [Primarily Mature] Specimens: Ahead I list all the different ways of preparing Ive heard of, including ways Ive not heard of. I see this trend in species with a generally narrow niche width. It was moved to the genus Bondarzewia in 1941. USA & International; The flavor profile is much different, but I can see how he could have done this well. First off, there is the shock factor in its large size. Therefore after stirring, drink soon, or if waiting a while much powder will eventually settle to the bottom. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Summary 2 Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae.It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. Come find out the supplement industry's dirty secret. The textural experience is comparable to chicken of the woods mushrooms, in that both become very tough in age, but chicken of the woods becomes not quite as tough, and is much drier. Ive also added a picture of a different specimen, posing with the Audubon Field Guide toMushrooms, that Ethan pointed out to me in the North Woods back in July. amzn_assoc_title = "Top Selling Mushroom Supplements"; Would that turn to bitter in baking? Whats in a Name? Another example is the largest gilled mushroom on the planet,Termitomyces titanicus, that makes termite mounds its home. This puree was added to a minced lamb Bolognese sauce, and I had the opportunity to try it on pasta. We will never share your email with anyone else. The pore surface is white, as is the spore print. (n.d.). Because the decay is mostly restricted to the heartwood, excessive tapering at the base may be the only external symptom present. Preheat a charcoal grill. In fact, when eaten raw*, some are very spicy hot (like a cross between arugula, radishes, and jalapenos). I wonder how this would cook up if I reconstitute. I bet these would be quite good on top of the soup to add texture, a bit of flavor, and nutrition. Berkeley's Polypore Bondarzewia Berkeleyi. Fungi with narrow ecological niches tend to have larger spore producing structures. In oaks, the medulary rays (lines of rot-resistant tissue distinctive of oaks that stretch across the annual rings from the center towards the outer edge of the tree) persist even as the rest of the wood turns to white string, so the decay is called string and ray rot. And yet despite living mostly on tree bases, the fungus can fruit from the ground far from any tree, if there are roots or the remnants of an old stump beneath. 2. Polyporus umbellatus is particularly attractive to mushroom flies, so be careful that the mushrooms are more or less bug free. B. berkeleyi has white spores which can be seen covering themushroomand the base of the oak in the first picture. It seems likely that the spicy principle in both cases is a toxin that breaks down when heated. It seems the spicy hot quality shifts to a bitter quality when cooked. We periodically send out information to help you with your foraging skills along your journey. I think the best potential of this method is to extract the flavor. Thats it for my list of mushroom foraging seasons of the Southeast! But also, no, it is not. Here's a photo in my house of what it looks like after going through a meat grinder (once with the larger setting, then once through the smaller, so we get a more fine grind). Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Berkeley's Polypore) L S 134followers More information Berkeley's Polypore: Culinary Properties - Berkeley's Polypore Mushroom Hunting Wild Game Mushroom Recipes Berkeley Foraging Stuffed Mushrooms Vegetables Food Madness More information. These mushroom chips are sure to surprise almost anyone when they're told that they're actually eating a mushroom! Berkeley's Polypore Bondarzewia Berkeleyi. Sumac berries can be eaten raw or dried and are used as a tonic to increase appetite or treat coughs. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Combine garlic, parsley, olive oil, salt, and pepper in a bowl. This fungus is a tree pathogen and likes to eat tree roots and wood at the Thinking back on this experience, it now makes perfect sense why this fungus was on display. basionym: Polyporus berkeleyi Fr., 1851. Already dead suitable hardwoods can be colonized by this hefty polypore, making this species a saprotroph as well as a parasite. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Flam-U-line-uh vel-oo-tuh-pees, its too much fun to say! How about adding it to a salad (arugula-like spice w/o needing any plant additives)? Please contact me w/your experiences w/drying. See What, If Anything, Is a Gilled Mushroom? Grows on the ground near tree bases. Being strongly flavored and also that some pieces used were tough, adding it like a flavoring herb was the best use of it. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; In instances where it is parasitic it causes a butt rot, almost exclusively on oaks. 8/7/12 update: Whereas I thought I had a bit of the hot peppery spice when dried, today's dried batch lacks that, also lacks bitter, and has a tart flavor. 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension Landscape, Nursery and UrbanForestry Program, CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. In fact, it is genetically most similar to russellas and lactarias. Not in my top list for edible mushrooms, but still a really fun one to find due to their size. Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L. North American polypores 1. It has shelf or fan-shaped caps that grow in overlapping clumps. Languages. I found a nice specimen of Berkeleys today in Pembroke, Massachusetts. This flavorful liquid can then be used in a variety of dishes (Im thinking those that do well to also have acidic &/sweet sauces). The overall cluster was about 30 cm tall. Mushroom Ornaments, hand painted by Chris Matherly. F. Meat Grinder: If getting mildly to moderately tough pieces, put through a meat grinder to end up with a nice product that can then be used in part to make meat-loaf. View Species Photo Gallery. Bondarzewia berkeleyi - Berkeley's Polypore. If so, extra sugar may be recommended. Chanterelles taste delicious and they smell wonderful. Bondarzewia occidentalis - This stemmed polypore, not related to most other polypores, is recognized by having a stem, being thick fleshed, growing in clusters or rosettes at least near wood if not touching it and being brown to orange-brown on the cap when fresh and white in the pores.Large - each can be up to 25 cm across.Long incorrectly called Bondarzewia mesenterica . Improved in 24 Hours. It was okay. Grill the mushrooms over medium-hot coals. I think the best potential of this method is to extract the flavor. These fungi are delicious! Prior to taking ANY supplements you should consult a health care professional. The result was good! villosior Corner Grifola berkeleyi (Fr.) Staghorn sumac grows in hardiness zones 5-8 and grows in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. in October. B. berkeleyi is limited in distribution to eastern North America where it is the only species of the genus (Song et al. specimen at the River Tavern in Chester, CT. Discover (and save!) This is near the time when I was just really getting into mycology, so you can imagine how excited I was. specimen at the River Tavern in Chester, CT. Bond. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Bondarzewia Berkeleyi - Bondarzewia berkeleyi is commonly referred to as berkeley's polypore or the stump blossoms. This fungus is actually a parasite, penetrating the root structures of suitable hardwoods. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; Season July-October. It was worth trying and may have additional potential, however it doesn't dissolve, but float. Natural selection has favored individuals that can quickly colonize hardwood root substrates and rapidly break down lignin into more simple sugars. The tough white flesh can be up to 3cm (1.2in) thick and has a mild taste, which can be bitter in older specimens. It can also reportedly be used as a meat substitute. Bondarzewia berkeleyi is a polypore in shapeit has shelf-like fruiting bodies with spores produced inside a layer of tubes ending in poresbut it is not closely related to other polypores. The display specimen alone was nearly two feet wide! *Edibility raw has not been widely established, and it the conjecture of this website's author: It would likely cause GI upset in all but relatively small quantities due to the same chemical found in it as in its hot Russula relatives, such as R. emetica, but it in smaller quantities. Berkeleys Polypore[ii] causes a distinctive type of rot in which the wood of the butt of the tree first becomes white and stringy and then breaks down altogether leaving the butt hollow. Mature, the edges can be quite meaty. Dried: I seea lotof potential here. I have yet to find the Black Staining Polypore. Recent. A) Basidiocarp at the base of a Quercus macrocarpa. Bondarzewia berkeleyi Dai 12759 KJ583202 KJ583216 KX066152 a . We talked about adding it to recipes, honey (think of truffle infused honey, he described), and I thought of adding it to bread flour and even pasta dough. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. B. South of Birmingham, AL picking will be very slim. The one hear was 1-1/2 ft. long on the map cap. [8], In China it has been recorded from Guangdong and Hunan provinces. I. Aroma: Especially on the day found, and holding true for some people many days later, this mushroom has a distinct and potent aroma that is also especially pronounced when dried. This may render it crispy (think of how tough shrimp shells, and even smaller fish bones, go from tough to crispy via deep frying). Join me. Thismushroomwas pointed out to me by Walkingstick Joe on 8/31/2021 growing at the base of an oak (Quercus) by Triplets bridge. Common name: Berkeley's Polypore. Fruiting body The fan- or shelf-shaped caps grow in overlapping clumps from the bases of oak trees, each capable of growing . What was even better than finding it in my local museum was when I got to see this fungus in action, breaking down the roots of a gigantic, dead oak in Southern Appalachia. 2. Quentin Tyler, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. The largest one I've seen was a 40lb. Rogers Plants Ltd reserves the right Habitat growing from the base or stumps of hardwood and deciduous trees, particularly oak and chestnut. Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) It made an interesting drink. I. [7] Other field guides list it as inedible. Portland, Oregon, Chthaeus Press, 2016. However, some peoples tastes are sure to disagree and what you see here would be a soup (with other seasonings added to it, such as soy, pepper, wine, or cream). Whats in a Name? One thing I like to reiterate when we talk about parasitic/pathogenic fungi is that they arent bad, in fact theyre essential for nutrient cycling and the overall health of our park and planet. When it comes to museums, size matters. Hopefully more will pop out to you! Sadly, it does not occur in the Southeast. I added some of this to a vindaloo sauce. [iv] Berkeleys Polypore: Bandarzewia berkeleyi. Click here to review or comment on the identification. The fruit bodies appear over July to October in the United States. By :Dave W. My second encounter was of a living specimen, nearly 6 years later, while doing field work in Southern Appalachia. ; 2004. 1995 Dec 31;73(S1):853-61. The mushrooms can appear anytime from July onward but tend to be most abundant in August. Berkeley's Polypore - Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Bondartsev & Singer Bondarzewia guaitecasensis Bondarzewia mesenterica Bondarzewia montana (Qul.) I will cook it up tonight and compare it to chicken of the woods which I found yesterday. Several kidney-shaped or irregular caps emerge from a single stem and form a rosette that may be over two feet across when mature. These names will be used interchangeable throughout this article. A massive specimen of Berkeley's polypore (also known as stump blossoms, or Bondarzewia berkeleyi) is sliced in half and ornamented with green chrysanthemum blossoms and sprays of purple flowers . At times, the fruiting bodies can be several feet in width, making them highly conspicuous when they appear. Since I cant give much of my own personal experience, Id recommendthis article by ForagerChef on this polypore fungi. amzn_assoc_asins = "B07BNVWFKZ,B01E9GDRW8,B01E9LKF14,B07BNX6KCZ"; [i] Frank, J.L. The gregarious fruiting body grows out of asclerotium(plural = sclerotia) which is a dense ball of mycelium used for long-term nutrient storage and, arguably, the most elaborate of fungal structures. I don't know if he ate it raw* or not. Mushroom Steaks: Marinate tender sections overnight in a sweet & acidic sauce, then BBQ grill until crispy on the outsides. Polyporus berkeleyi Fr.Berkeley's Polypore Fruit body annual. Secondly, like many other long-lived polypores, they preserve really well. It is, apparently, gravity also that determines the formation of the hymenial pores on the under surface of the fruit-body. There is a depression in the center of every cap, whether convex or flat. The smaller area of suitable habitat, the more spores that need to be produced for genes to successfully pass onto the next generation. Surprisingly, it smelled a bit likefreshly baked bread! It was moved to the genusBondarzewiain 1941. 2016 Sep 29;6:34568. These pores are at first very shallow, but throughout the life of the sporophore (8 months) they grow by means of an active zone around the mouth of each pore, so they gradually become longer. Chanterelles are potentially the most abundant mushroom in the Southern Appalachia area. Birch Polypore, Piptoporus Betulinus. I suspect, as w/related mushrooms (please see Russula comparison page for more info. What are you reaching out to us about today? Is there any find more prized than the elusive Morel mushroom? amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; https://www.mushroomexpert.com/bondarzewia_berkeleyi.html, https://www.messiah.edu/oakes/fungi_on_wood/poroidfungi/speciespages/Bondarzewiaberkeleyi.htm, https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/84224-Bondarzewia-berkeleyi, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. 3/15/13 update: I tried the powder in milk, now lacking any heat or bitterness. Fascinating (please see the Russula comparison section of this site for more information).III. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The statements made on healing-mushrooms.net have NOT been evaluated by the FDA. I dont know if he ate it raw* or not. (Bondarzewia berkeleyi). A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Although Bondarzewia berkeleyi has been compared to eating shoe leather,[3] some field guides list it as edible. to remove any member images or text at its sole discretion. C. Braise: Chef John Schwartz of Niantic, CT suggested it may do well to extract its flavor by braising it for ~four hours. Due to its relatively fast growth rate and ability to degrade lignin as a white rot pathogen, serious reductions in structural stability can result from advanced infections. This is where you can add new products to your store. Cystidia not found. Once temperatures start to get into freezing on most nights, their growth will slow to a large degree. In both cases, the species can be differentiated by an experienced forager fairly easily, but only if the forager knows to look out for potential confusion. Comparatively, these polypores dwarf most other forest floor inhabitants. Rose Hips (Rosa canina) are the fruit of any rosebush. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, , , Russulaceae. While B. berkeleyi[v] has not been formally assessed, it seems prudent not to eat it raw. The timing is based on observations in the Southern Appalachia area (34.7 degrees N latitude), but is relevant for most of the Southeast. B. I believe I have discovered a direct correlation between how spicy hot they are raw and how bitter they will cook up. The fungus is helping free up carbon locked in the dead plant cells within the tree, which will support more subterranean microbes and fungi, and allow for a healthier soil. I. Aroma: Especially on the day found, and holding true for some people many days later, this mushroom has a distinct and potent aroma that is also especially pronounced when dried. Get notified whenever we release a new free article, video, or foraging resource. This page will cover some of the basics for Bondarzewia berkeleyi, in the family Bondarzewiaceae and the order Russulales. A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Then, the tips of the fingers expand into huge, flat, fan-like shapes that together form an irregular rosette. Once you go south of the Alabama-Tennessee border, the occurance will start to dwindle though. Were cruising into beautiful fall weather now gang,Aubrey, References1)Kuo, M. (2004, November). Extract from Wikipedia article: Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I bet these would be quite good on top of the soup to add texture, a bit of flavor, and nutrition. Edibility Basics Photo by Tim Pfitzer Bondarzewia berkeleyi- Berkeley's polypore This polypore may take on ocher or light brown tones that form distinct radial zones. Bondarzewia berkeleyi ingr i slktet Bondarzewia och familjen Bondarzewiaceae. The one in the photo above was found on Christmas Day, what a gift! Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site:http://www.mushroomexpert.com/bondarzewia_berkeleyi.html2)https://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/poroid%20fungi/species%20pages/Bondarzewia%20berkeleyi.htm3)Mccoy, Peter. Become A Member! Fries was studying an unnamed collection from North Carolina he found in the herbarium of English mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley, and it was apparently quite a big one. It is most common east of the Rockies. I suspect braising formuch lesstime followed by a puree would work just as well. Flesh: White; thick; not discoloring or bruising. Its growth rate is considered fast when compared to other wood-rotting fungi common on oak. Pickle: Pickling can sometimes have a softening effect on texture especially over time, so storing them as pickles may work well. The other virus, designated as Bondarzewia berkeleyi negative-strand RNA virus 1 (BbNSRV1), had a non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome of 10,983 nt and was related to members of family Mymonaviridae. Flesh: White; thick; not discoloring or bruising. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; Grifola frondosa - Hen of the Woods Another favorite of mine, Hen of the Woods. The largest one Ive seen was a 40lb. AlthoughBondarzewia berkeleyihas been compared to eating shoe leather, it is edible, and can be used to replace or strengthen other flavors in dishes, much like tofu. The vinegar negated the remaining bitterness, while the crispy quality remained. amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true"; In fact, it is genetically most similar to russellas and lactarias. . Baste often with the parsley oil and turn as necessary, until done (about 10 minutes). They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. It is aparasiticspecies that causesbutt rotinoaksand other hardwood trees. This week's mushroom is Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore. It was moved to the genus Bondarzewia in 1941. C.Braise: Chef John Schwartzof Niantic, CT suggested it may do well to extract its flavor by braising it for ~four hours. A truly massive polypore. Resin morel tops also available. Nothing can be done to eradicate the pathogen and fungicides are of little, if any, value. B) Hymenium of the specimen, showing angular pores. If so, how much can be added w/o gastric upset? If you have a high quality photo of this species, are confident in the identification, and would like to submit it for inclusion on the Montana Field Guide, please send it to us using our online photo submission tool. So, the best potential for keeping the heat in a powder is to dehydrate right away. In a followup I was told he braised it long-term, but additional braising did nothing for the texture, so he pureed it. Elias Fries, often seen as the father of mycology, declared Bondarzewia berkeleyi the "most noble of all the polypores known to me" (1851, my translation).



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